Humans have a natural tendency to connect with others, which is more fully demonstrated in romantic relationships (Acevedo et al., 2012; Fletcher et al., 2015), where both men and women have a great deal of social interactions in this type of interpersonal relationship. Examples include sharing positive trivia and receiving quality feedback (Gable et al., 2003, 2004).In most cases couples have the same goals (Li et al., 2002; Li and Kenrick, 2006), which allows synchronization of their activities to occur.
In order to investigate how lovers interact with each other and whether there is synchronized brain activity between them, this study conducted experiments and analyzed data using near-infrared hyperscanning technology.
Part.2
Method
Tested:Methods Participants Ninety-eight adults (49 pairs, age:21.07±1.85 years) participated in the study.They were all male/female duos, which included 17 lovers, 16 friends and 16 strangers. Experimental Procedures: A white partition was used to divide the subject group, and both subject channels were lined up in the right fronto-parietal brain region shown in Figure 1D. The subsequent experiment is shown in Figure 1B. The procedure consisted of Rest1 (30 s), Task Block 1 (150 s), Rest2 (30 s), Task Block 2 (150 s), and Rest3 (30 s). In the task block subjects were asked to press the number 1 and number 2 keys as synchronously as possible when they saw the green ball in the screen during the experiment.
Part.3
Results
Fnirs results are shown below: 1. As shown in the figure, wavelet coherence of the data yields an increase in coherence of the couple group with periods in the range of 3.2s to 12.8s.
2. As shown in the figure, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the IBS (inter-brain synchronization) showed that inter-brain synchronization was higher in the right superior frontal cortex (channel 20) in the couples than in the friends and strangers groups.
3. As shown in the figure, Granger causality analysis and paired t-tests were conducted between men and women in the couple group, and it was found that the mean Granger causality was significantly greater from women to men than from men to women.
Part.4
talk over
roots or stems of plantsThe sub-study found that the couple group increased their inter-brain synchronization when they interacted and communicated through simultaneous key presses in the experiment. This proves that interbrain synchronization intuitively reflects the level of cooperation between multiple people.
The current study found that the right superior frontal cortex was significantly activated. The right superior frontal cortex is involved in implicit understanding of others' behavior, response inhibition, and working memory, and the present results provide support for the theory of mind hypothesis (Cui et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2015).In addition, we found that female-to-male interbrain synchronization was higher than male-to-female interbrain synchronization, suggesting that the main information flowed from females to males. This result implies that females 'lead' males in the task and males behave more as followers in the task. This result is also consistent with theories from evolutionary psychology (Griskevicius et al., 2006; Hyde, 2014)....
Part.5
Conclusion
The present study is the first study of cooperative behavior between couples, and this study found that the couple group had better cooperative behavior than the friend and stranger groups. The couple group showed increased IBS in the right superior frontal cortex. Female-to-male interbrain synchronization was higher than male-to-female interbrain synchronization, suggesting that females and males play different roles in the cooperation process. In addition, this study demonstrated the feasibility of near-infrared hyperscanning in studying couples.
Part.6
References
Acevedo BP, Aron A, Fisher HE, Brown LL (2012) Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7:145-159. Fletcher GJO, Simpson JA, Campbell L, Overall NC (2015) Pairbonding, romantic love, and evolution: the curious case of homo sapiens. perspect Psychol Sci 10:20-36. Gable SL, Reis HT, Elliot AJ (2003): Evidence for bivariate systems: an empirical test of appetition and aversion across domains. J Res Pers 37:349 -372. Gable SL, Reis HT, Impett EA, Asher ER (2004): What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events . . J Pers Soc Psychol 87: 228-245. Li NP, Bailey JM, Kenrick DT, Linsenmeier JAW (2002) The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: testing the tradeoffs. J Pers Soc Psychol 82:947 -955. Li NP, Kenrick DT (2006) Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: what, whether, and why. J Pers Soc Psychol 90:468 -489. Cui X, Bryant DM, Reiss AL (2012): NIRS-based hyperscanning reveals increased interpersonal coherence in superior frontal cortex during cooperation. Neuroimage 59:2430-2437. Yang DY, Rosenblau G, Keifer C, Pelphrey KA (2015): An integrative neural model of social perception, action observation, and theory of mind. neurosci Biobehav Rev 51:263-275. Griskevicius V, Cialdini RB, Kenrick DT (2006) Peacocks, Picasso, and parental investment: the effects of romantic motives on creativity. j Pers Soc Psychol 91:63-76. Hyde JS (2014) Gender similarities and differences. Annu Rev Psychol 65:373-398.
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